Epitaph Help

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Ed

Description

Help for Ed (V 2.0) by Qixx

Commands

/ search forward for pattern ? search backward for a pattern = show current line number a append text starting after this line A like 'a' but with inverse autoindent mode c change current line, query for replacement text d delete line(s) e replace this file with another file E same as 'e' but works if file has been modified f show/change current file name g Search and execute command on any matching line. h help file (display this message) i insert text starting before this line I indent the entire code (Qixx version 1.0) j join lines together k mark this line with a character - later referenced as 'a l line line(s) with control characters displayed m move line(s) to specified line n toggle line numbering p print line(s) in range q quit editor Q quit editor even if file modified and not saved r read file into editor at end of file or behind the given line s search and replace set query, change or save option settings t move copy of line(s) to specified line v Search and execute command on any non-matching line. x save file and quit w write to current file (or specified file) W like the 'w' command but appends instead z display 20 lines, possible args are . + - Z display 40 lines, possible args are . + -

For further information type 'hc' inside ed where c is the command you want help on.

Some old help from 2.4.5....

When in 'ed', the prompt is ':'.

Ed has two modes, command mode and insert mode. The insert mode has no prompt. You exit the insert mode by typing a single '.' on a line.

All commands have the following syntax:

X,Ycmd

or Xcmd

For example:

1,10p Will print line 1 to 10. 1,5d Will delete line 1 to 5. 8p Will print line 8.

A '.' is the 'current line'. The current line is the last line referenced. If you want to print last line + 10 more:

Commands that use a line range: If no line is given, then curent line is printed.

p Print line. d Delete line. l Print line with control characters. r file Read in a file after the line specified. s Substitute patterns. See special documentation. z Print 10 lines. a Start insert mode after specified line. Exit with '.'<return>. i Start insert mode before specified line. Exit with '.'<return>.

Commands used without line specification:

q Quit. Won't work if file is changed. Q Quit and discard all changes if not saved. w Write the file out. w file Write the file out with name 'file'. e file Edit a file.

As line numbers '.' is current line, and '$' is last line of file. Thus '1,$p' will always print all of the file.

Substitutions are very advanced.

First a simple example:

s/apa/bepa/

This will substitue the 'apa' in current line to 'bepa'. If an 'p' is appended, you will also immediately see the result.

1,$s/apa/bepa/

Same, but all lines in file. Only first occurence on every line.

Any character can used instead of '/':

s!apa!bepa!g

The 'g' specifies that all occurences of apa on this line are changed to bepa.

The pattern that are supposed to be replaced, can be a regular expression.

Searching is done with:

/hello/ Find first line in of after current line. Just // will repeat the search.

There are special characters that can be used in the pattern: . Match any character. x* Match any numbers of x (0 or more). [abc] Match 'a', 'b' or 'c'. [0-9] Match any digit 0 - 9. [a-z] Match any lowercase letter. \x Match 'x' where 'x' can be any character except '(' and ')'.

Example:

s/ab.d/ABCD/

Substitute any string 'abXd' against 'ABCD' where X can be any character.

How to copy from a standard file.

Enter ed. Then do 'r /room/vill_green.c'. Now you have something in the buffer. Change it into what you want it to be. Then 'w /players/peter/hall.c'. Or 'w hall.c'.

Example

ed /global/wiz*
ed /ENTER
ed test.c